Planter.



9. 9 uw u A d e t n e t a P N. A H A L L A C J. L D. 3 0, 0 3 6 0. N

P L A N T-E R.

(Application med June 17, 189s.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I 179e @kan rut nomus ravens oo. Pauw-uno. wAsHmofon. o.c.

No. 630,030. Patented Aug. I, |899.

T. J. CALLAHAN.

P L A N T E R (Application led June 17, 1898.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

.lh/ afa, IDMDTGP Wol/mmf gwmcwwuj. @y

No Model.)

UNrrnn STATES Parenti Ormea.

THOMAS JEFFERSON CALLAHAN, OF FOREST DEPOT, VIRGINIA.

PLANTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 630,030, dated August1, 1899.

Application filed .Tune 17,1898. Serial No.683,746. (No model.)

To all whom, t 77mg concern:

Beit known thatLTHoMAs JEFFERSON CAL- LAHAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Forest Depot, in the county of Bedford and State ofVirginia, have invented a new and useful Planter, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in planters andfertilizer-distributers which may be used for planting corn in hills anddistributing or drilling fertilizer; but the machine is more especiallyuseful in preparing land for planting tobacco.

Among other objects of the invention I aim to provide means by whichcorn may be planted singly or may bedropped or drilled in connectionwith fertilizer, as well as to drill fertilizer for tobacco -planting;to provide means by which the quantity of fertilizer discharged and theintervals of the dropping of the corn maybe regulated within desiredlimits; to provide means by which fertilizer may be distributedbroadcast for listing the ground preparatory to tobacco-planting, aswell as to deposit the fertilizer in the hills or furrow with the corn;to secure nicety of adjustment to the furrow-opener for regulating thepenetration thereof; to provide means by which the soil may be coveredupon the grain or the ground listed for tobacco-planting; to provideadjustable means which serve to indicate to the operator the properplaces for setting tobacco-plants; to provide a billing attachment bywhich the soil and fertilizer may be scooped up into the hills at properuniform distances one from the other, and, finally, to simplify theconstruction with a view to promoting the efficiency of the machine andmaking it easy of adjustment and control.

With these ends in view the invention consists in the novel combinationof elements and in the construction and arrangement of parts, which willbe hereinafter fully described and and claimed.

To enable others to understand the invention, I have illustrated thepreferred embodiment in the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of myimplement adapted for service as a corn-planter. Fig. 2 is a verticallongitudinal sectional elevation taken centrally through the beamr'epresented by Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectionalelevation on the plane indicated bythe line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is aplan view of the implement adj usted for service as a tobacco-planter.Fig.. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through the tobacco` planter onthe plane indicated by the line 5 5 of Fig. 4f. Fig. G is a series ofviews showing in plan a number of dropping-slides which are designed tobe used interchangeably in a single hopper and in connection with thecommon driving mechanism for dropping corn with or without fertilizerand for drilling the fertilizer when planting corn or to prepare theground for the reception of tobaccoplants. Fig. 7 is a verticalcross-section through the beam and the means by which thecovering-blades or lister-shovels may be adjusted with relation to thebeam. Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the agitator device for theseed tube or hose. Fig, 9 is a detail perspective View of the cup orclamp by which the seed tube or hose may be held in a stationaryposition when planting corn. Fig. l0 is a detail perspective of thecarrying bracket for the covering and crushing roller. Fig. ll is a viewof the billing attachment adapted to be used in connection withtheimplement when it is desired to plant tobacco in hills. Fig. l2 is adetail perspective view of the brushcarrier which may be used in thehopper when planting corn.

Like numerals of reference denote like and corresponding parts in eachof t-he several figures of the drawings.

l designates the beam of the implement, which in all substantialrespects is similar to ordinary plow-beams, and 2 are the handles, whichare fastened to the beam and which are stayed by the brace 3, the frontend of the beam being equipped with the usual clevis 1i. On the beam iserected a hopper 5, which is cast in a single piece of metal with anoffset base 6, the base being somewhat wider than the transverse area ofthe hopper, which slopes inwardly from its upper end toward its bottom.To the base G is rigidly secured a flat horizontal base 7as, forexample, by rivets or screws-and the offset guides having the plates 7united thereto provides a guideway S below the hopper.

IOO

From the bottom of the hopper is provided a transverse slot 9, whichopens into the guideway, and immediately over this slot the hopper isprovided with a central bridge 10, which is preferably cast with thehopper. This bridge lies at a suitable distance above and over thedischarge-slot 9, and itis adapted to sustain the partition 12 at apoint intermediate of its length, or the bridge may carry a brushingdevice, to be hereinafter described, by which the corn is prevented frompassing too freely into the apertures of the corn-droppin g slide. rihepartition 12 is arranged longitudinally of the hopper, at the centralpart thereof, and

said partition rests in a groove or seat l0,pro-

vided non the bridge, and is confined in position between the inclinedguideways 11,Which are provided on the inner opposing faces of the endwalls forming a part of the hopper 5.

'The partition is fitted removably to the guidev'Ways and thebridge-seat, and when the implement is to be used for drillingfertilizer preliminary to planting tobacco or for dropping corn Withoutdischarging the fertilizer the partition 12 is removed from the hopper.To drill fertilizer with the corn or to drop the corn 'and fertilizersimultaneously, the partition is fitted to the hopper for the purpose ofdividing the same into longitudinal compartments, one of which isdesigned to contain the corn to be planted, and the other is for thereception of the fertilizer which may be drilledor dropped with thecorn.

The corn-dropping slide is indicated by the numeral 13 in Figs. 2, 3,and 6 of the drawings, and said slide is fitted removablyin the guideway8 inthe bottom of the hopper. The slide 13 is provided With a series ofcentral apertures 14, into which the corn may be deposited as the slidereciprocates beneath the slot 9 of the hopper, and to prevent the cornfrom passing too freely through the slot 9 I employ the brush-carrier15, which is in the form of a sheet-metal bent clip arranged to straddlethe bridge 10 and to be held in place thereon by a suitable clamp-eas,for instance, by the set-screw 14a. This brush-carrier is equipped withone or more brushes 15", arranged to sweep close to the face of theslide, and the blush and the carrier maybe readily detached from thebridge when the machine is to be used for drilling fertilizer.

'g On one side of the beam 1, in advance of the hopper supportedthereby, I employ a ground-wheel 16, which is formed with a broad treadand is hollowed out on one face thereof to accommodate a crank-disk 1G,which is integral with the hub of the Wheel and is arranged to lie inthe plane of one edge of the wheel-tread. This ground-Wheel is securedto an axle 17, which is journaled in a bearing 18, rigidly secured tothe under side of the beam, and on the front end of the beam is arrangedthe horizontal lever 19, which extends transversely across said beam tohave the ends extend from opposite sides thereof. This lever isfulcrumed at a point intermediate of its length by a bolt 20, and in oneend of the lever is provided a single aperture 21, in which is iitted aprong at one end of a link 22said link having at its other end acrankpin 22a, which is fitted in an aperture 16b of the crankdisk 16a,whereby the lever 19 is operatively connected with the ground-wheel tobe actu ated thereby as the machine is drawn across the field. In theother arm of the operatinglever 19 is provided a series of apertures 23,to either one of which may be tted removably a pin or stud of a pitman24, which extends rearwardly from the lever and is detachably connectedto the front end of the dropping-slidel in the hopper. The pitman 24 hasa shiftable connection with the long arm of the operating-lever 19, andit is detachably connected to the slide and to said lever 19. This isadvantageous in that provision is made for the use interchangeably of aseries of slides in the hopper, and the employment of the slide may beregulated by adjusting the pitman 24 toward or from the fulcrum 2O ofthe operating-lever 19, thus enabling more or less fertilizer to bedischarged, and regulating the distance of planting the corn in thefurrows.

25 designates the stock, which is solidly fastened to the under side ofthe beam at a point in advance of the hopper, and this stock isconstructed with a furrow-opener 26, designed to open the ground for thereception of the corn or fertilizer. By making this furrowopener ofsubstantial construction the implement may be used as a subsoiling-plow.

The corn or fertilizer discharged Jfrom the hopper is directed into thefurrow through a flexible seed tube or hose 27, the upper end of whichis suitably attached to the under side of the beam in a Way tocommunicate With a slot 28 in said beam, and to this slot 28 isdelivered the corn or fertilizer from the dropping-slide which maybecontained in the hopper. To use the machine for planting corn or fordistributing fertilizer in connection with the corn, I provide means bywhich the seed tube or hose may be held in a relatively stationaryposition to insure a proper deposit of the corn or fertilizer in thefurrow opened by the shovel 26, and to this end a cuff or clamp 29 isarranged to embrace the flexible seed-tube 27 for restraining the latteragainst movement or vibration. The stock 25 is preferably pivoted at itsupper end to a bracket which is xed to the beam, and said stock is heldin position by means of an adjustable brace 30, whichlies on the underside of` the beam. The rear end of this adjustable brace is forked orbifurcated at 3l to embrace the sides of the stock 25, while theotherend of said brace is threaded, as at 32, and is fitted in the eyeof an eyebolt 33, rigidly secured to the beam at a suitable distance inrear of the operating-lever 19. The threaded end of the adjustable bracepasses loosely through the eyebolt, and it receives the adjusting-nuts34, which are screwed on said brace to lie on op- IOO IIO

posite sides of the eyebolt. The threaded end of the brace and thedescribed arrangement of the nuts 34insure nicety of adjustment for thebrace 30 and enable the stock 25 to be adjusted to better advantage forregulating the penetration of the ground than can be attained by theemployment of a pin or bolt to iit in the series of apertures in thebrace.

The'cuff or clamp 29, which embraces the flexible seed-tube 27, isforked at its front end, as indicated at 35, for the purpose ofembracing the forked rear end 3l of the adjust.- able brace 30, andthrough the overlapping forked ends of the brace and clamp is passed asingle fastening-bolt 36, which serves to attach the brace and cuff tothe stock 25, thus simplifying the construction and providing for theready detachment of the cuff 29 when it is desired to use an agitatorfor the purpose of vibrating the 'flexible tube or hose 27 in order toinsure broadcast distribution of the fertilizer to prepare the land fortobaccoplanting.

At the rear end of the beam and on opposite sides of the vertical planeof the flexible tube or hose 27 1 arrange the adjustablecovering-shovels 37 38. Each shovel is constructed with a shank 39, thatlies adjacent to the face or side of the beam 1, and braces 40 areemployed for attachment to the shanks of said covering-shovels. Thefront ends of the braces are rigidly secured to the beam by a suitablebolt or bolts, while the rear end of said braces are fastened to theshovel-Shanks by bolts 41, which pass through the Shanks, the braces,and the beams. Adjusting wedge-shaped disks 42 43 are interposed betweenthe sides of the beam and the shovel-Shanks for the purpose of varyingthe vertical inclination of the shovel-Shanks with relation to the beam.Each disk is made wedge-shaped in crosssection, so as to present a thinedge on one side and a thick edge on the opposite side, and said disk isfitted loosely on one of the bolts 41, so that it may be turned thereonto different positions for the purpose of determining the angularrelation of the shovelshank to the vertical plane of the beam 1. Thedisks 42 and 43 may be turned to variable posit-ions on the bolt 4l toincline the covering-shovels inwardly toward each other or to spreadthem farther apart, 'so as to regulate the amount of soil that will bethrown inwardly to cover the corn or fertilizer deposited in the furrow.

The covering-roller 44 is arranged to trail in rear of the beam for thepurpose of packing the ground thrown inwardly by the covering-shovels,as well as to crush and break any lumps or clods. This covering-rolleris constructed with a wide concave tread-surface, and it is arranged ina horizontal position to extend across the paths described by thecovering-shovels 37 3S. Said roller is journaled in a hanger 45, whichis constructed with a shank 46, that is forked or bifurcated to providethe spaced arms 462 These arms extend on opposite sides of the beam 1,at the rear end thereof, and they are fitted loosely on one of the bolts41, thus pivotally attaching the hanger to the beam. A verticalguidestem 47 is fixed securely to said rear end of the beam, and itpasses loosely through the forked shank 46 of the roller hanger. Acoiled spring 48 is fitted loosely on the vertical guide-stein to haveits lower end seated upon the shank 46 of the roller-hanger, and thisspring is held in place by an adjustingnut 49, which is screwed to theupper threaded extremity of the guide-stein 47, whereby the stem servesto hold the hanger in proper relation to the beam, and the spring keepsthe roller pressed firmly upon the groundK to enable it to perform itswork of pressing Jthe soil upon the furrow and packing the soil aroundthe grain.

The dropping-slide 13, which works in the hopper, is provided withstirrers or agitators 50, which are ad justably secured to said slide13. My machine is constructed for service with a series ofinterchangeable slides, which are shown more clearly by Fig. 6 of thedrawings. 'lhe slide indicated by the numeral 13 is designed fordropping corn only; but when itis desired to drop corn and fertilizersimultaneously in the furrow I employ The slide indicated by the numeral51, which slide is provided With a series of corn-openings 52 and theslots 53, which are arranged in line with the openings 52 transverselyacross the slide. ln using aslide of this type in the hopper it isnecessary to employ the partition 12, which is removably secured in theguideways and upon the bridge of the hopper to divide the latter intocompartments adapted to contain corn and fertilizer, respectively, andthe fertilizer is placed in the compartment immediately over the slots53 in the side, while the grain is in its compartment, with which theapertures 52 communicate. For drilling fertilizer when the corn isdropped I employ the slide indicated at 54 in Fig. 6. This slide isconstructed with a continuous longitudinal slot 56 at one side of thevertical plane of the corn-openings 55 in said slide, and the slide 54is used in connection with the hopper,which is divided by the partition12.

For drilling fertilizer' to prepare the ground for tobacco-planting theslide 57 is used in connection with the stirrers or agitators 50. Thistobacco drilling slide for fertilizer is constructed with a centrallongitudinal slot 58, and the slide is placed in the bottom of thehopper, the partition of which is removed. All the slides shown by Fig.6 are of corresponding form and dimensions to enable either of them toreadily fit in the guideway of the hopper, and each slide is provided atits front end with a perforated nose, to which the rear end of thepitman may be detachably connected.

iVhen using my implement for planting tobacco, l dispense with thecovering-shovels al 3S and the cuff or clamp 29, which holds ICO IIO

the flexible tube or hose in a stationary po- I sition.` In lieu ofthese devices I equip the machine with the listing-shovels 7l and 72 andemploy an agitator 59 for giving to the flexible tube orhose a vibratorymotion transversely across the longitudinal axis of the beam, so as toeffect the broadcast distribution of the fertilizer upon the soil.

The agitator 59 is in the form of alever arranged in a horizontalposition beneath the beam at a point adjacent to the flexible tube orhose 27, and this lever is fulcrumed at a point intermediate of itslength by a bolt 60, which passes loosely7 through the lever and isattached to the beam. One arm 6l of the lever is bent to the irregularform shown by the drawings, and its free end is curved or provided witha loop 62, which i's arranged to loosely embrace the flexible tube orhose 27, soas to cause the latter to move or play with the lever. Theother arm 63 of the agitatorlever extends outwardly from the beam, andit is formed with a series of apertures 64, in either one of which maybe fitted a prong 66 at the rear end of the agitator-pitrnan 65. Thispitman extends alongside of the beam, and its front end is formed withan eye 67, which is loosely fitted on the crank-pin 22rL of the link 22,which is arranged between the crank-disk 16a and the operating-lever 19for the dropper-slide,whereby the link 22 is adapted through the lever19 to actuate the dropper-slide, while the pitman 65 is operativelyconnected with the agitator-lever 59 to vibrate the flexible tube orhose 27 in a direction transversely across the beam, both pitmen 22 and65 being actuated from a single crank-disk, which rotates with thegroundwheel 16. In my tobacco-planter the covering blades or shovels 37and 38 are detached from the bolts 4l and the braces 40, and they arereplaced by the standards 73, which are properly tted to the bolts 41 tolie against the adjusting-wedges 42 43, so as to be attached by thebolts and the braces to the beam. The lister-shovels 7l 72 are rigidlysecured to the lower ends of the standards 73 by any suitable means, andeach lister-shovel is arranged to have its horizontal ends lie parallelto the ground-line. Said lister-shovels are fashioned to provide convexworking faces, and said shovels are arranged to have their working facesopposed to each other in order that they may throw the soil inwardlytoward the furrow opened by the shovel on the stock 25. Thelister-shovels may be adjusted inwardly toward each other, so as toregulate the quantity of dirt thrown into the list by turning theadjusting-wedges 42 43 on the bolts 4l; but a reverse adjustment of thewedges serves to spread the standards and to throw the lister shovelsaway from each other, thus increasing the quantity of soil accumulatedby the shovels and thrown inwardly thereby into the list.

In the operation of my machine as a tobacco-planter the fertilizer isdrilled from the hopper by the action of the positively-reciprocatedslide 57, and the agitator-lever 59 serves to vibrate the flexible tubeor hose, so as to distribute the fertilizer broadcast. Thelister-shovels throw the soil and fertilizerinwardly into the list, thuseffecting a thorough mixture of the soil with the fertilizer, and inpractical operation the list is packed and fertilized by the action ofthe trailing spring-pressed roller 44.

To indicate to the operator the proper places where the tobacco-plantsshall be set in the ground, I construct this roller 44 with a cupshapedmarker 74, which is detachably secured in a suitable way to the concaveworking face of the roller, and as the machine is drawn across the fieldthe roller is rotated by frictional contact with the ground, so that themarker 74 indents the ground at regular intervals, thus indicating tothe operator the places where the tobacco-plants are to be set.

The employment of the roller with the marker thereon prepares the groundfor bedding tobacco-plants; but in some instances the operator maydesire to set the tobaccoplants in hills. To provide for thiscontingency, l employ a hilling attachment,which is indicated in itsentirety by 75 in Fig. ll of the drawings. This hilling attachmentcomprises a carrying-arm 7 6, a scoop 7 8, attached to the heel of thecarrying-arm, and the lifting-finger 79. on the tobacco-planter, thecarrying-arm 76 is pivotally connected by a bolt 77 to a hanger 8l,attached to the rear end of the beam, and the lifting-arm 79 is adaptedfor use in connection with a lifting-finger 80 on the roller 44,saidmarker and lifting-finger being adapted for use interchangeably one withthe other on the covering-roller. The carrying-arm 76 for the hillingattachment trails in rear of the beam and roller and is in operativerelation to the lifting-finger 8O on the roller, so that as the rolleris rotated in the transit of the implement across the field thelifting-finger operates at regular intervals on the liftingarm -to liftthe arm 76 and the shovel orscoop 78 above the ground. This shovel orscoop is preferably of sheet metal rigidly attached to the arm 76, andthe arm is pivoted to the hanger 81, which in turn is attached to thebeam. The carrying-arm 76 is pivoted to the hanger and the arm whichcarries the spring that depresses the hanger. The lifting-arm 79 ispivoted at a point intermediate of its length to the hanger to have itsshort arm impinge against the carrying-arm 76, and the depending end ofthis lifting-arm 79 is in the path of the lifting-fingerSO on theroller. The -shape of the scoop causes it to accumulate a certainquantity of the soil, which is thrown inwardly by the listing-shovelsinto the list, and in the progress of the machine the soil is retainedwithin the scoop until the liftingfinger 8O and the roller act to raisethe carrying-arm 76, thereby lifting the scoop away from the accumulatedsoil and permitting it To use the hilling attachment IOC IIO

to lodge in the form of a hill, into which the tobacco-plant may be set.The billing attachment is actuated automatically to produce a series ofhills at regular intervals apart, and the soil in each hill isthoroughly commingled with the fertilizer' distributed broadcast by theaction of the dropping-slide and the agitator device.

It will be understood that the agitator device, the covering-shovels,the series of slides, and the hose-retaining clamp are all detachablyapplied to the machine, so that they may be used interchangeably,according as the machine is to be used for distributing fertilizer whencorn is planted or for drilling fertilizer for preparing the ground fortobacco-planting, and such interchange of the parts may be readilyeffected, because they are constructed to provide for their readydisengagement and assemblage to render the machine useful as a tobaccoor corn planter.

Slight changes may be made in the form of some of the parts While theiressential features are retained and the spirit of the i11- ventionembodied. Hence I do not desire to be limited to the precise form of allthe parts as shown, reserving the right to vary therefrom.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is- 1. In a plantersubstantially such as described, a hopper, a series of slidesinterchangeable one with the other and adapted for use individually withthe hopper, a lever, and a pitman having a shiftable connection withsaid lever and detachably connected With a slide for giving variablestroke or movement to the slide, combined with a ground-Wheel, andconnections between the ground-Wheel' and lever to actuate the latter,as set forth.

2. In a planter, a hopper cast in a single piece with an integral baseWhich is offset or widened transversely to the length of the hopper, andalso provided with a bridge which is cast integral With said hopper andis arranged above the discharge-slot in the bottom of said hopper, and aplate united to the offset base portion of the hopper and formingtherewith a guideivay, in combination with a beam, a dropping-slidefitted to the guideway and plate of thehopper to reciprocate therein, aground-Wheel, and operative connections from the ground-Wheel to thedropping-slide, substantially as described.

3. In a planter, the combination with a beam and a pivoted stock, of anadjustable brace-rod provided with a threaded front end and having atits rear end a fork which embraces the stock, a pivotal bolt connectingthe forked end of the brace-rod detachably to the stock, an eyeboltfixed on the beam and receiving the threaded front end of said bracerod,andthe adj Listing-nuts screwed on the brace-rod and bearing againstopposite sides of the eyebolt, substantially as described.

4. 'lhe combination With a beam, a hopper and a flexible tube, of 'meanssubstantially as described for vibrating said tube in a horizontalpla-ne and transversely across the line of a furrow, substantiallyasdescribed.

5. In a planter, a flexible tube or hose, and an agitator deviceconnected With said flexible tube, in combination with a hopper having adropperl mechanism, and a driving device operatively connected with theagitator device, substantially as described.

b. In a planter, a flexible tube or hose carried by a beam, and avibrating agitator device mounted on the beam and engaging With saidflexible tube, in combination with a hopper having a dropper' mechanism,a driving ground-wheel, operative connections between the grou nd- Wheeland the dropper mechanism, and similar connections from the ground-Wheel to the agitator device, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a hopper, a dropper mechanism and aground-Wheel, of a iiexible tube or hose leading from the hopper, anagitator device loosely engaging with the ilexible tube and arranged tovibrate the latter transversely across the furrow, and independentoperative connections from the ground- Wheel to the dropper mechanismand to the agitator device, substantially as described.

8. The combination With a ground-Wheel and a flexible tube or hose, ofan agitatorlever fulcrnmed on the beam and having a loop which looselyengages with the iieXible tube, and a link connection from the ground-Wheel to the agitator-lever, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a beam, a ground- Wheel, and a flexible tube orhose, of an irregularly-formed agitator-lever fulcrnmed at a pointintermediate of its length on the beam and having a loop-formed arm atone end which is loosely engaged with the flexible tube, and alsoprovided with a series of apertures in its other arm, and a linkconnected at one end to the ground-Wheel and having shiftable connectionwith the perforated arm of the agitator-lever, substantially asdescribed.

10. The combination with a beam, a hopper, a dropper mechanism in saidhopper and a ground-wheel, of a lever fulcrnmed on the beam andoperatively connected With the dropper mechanism, a link connected tosaid lever and provided with a crank-pin Which is attached to theground-Wheel, an agitatorlever fulcrnmed on the beam and having one armloosely engaged with the flexible tube, and a pitman attached to theother arm of the agitator-lever and loosely 'fitted to the crank-pin ofthe link connection from the ground-Wheel to the first-namedlever,whereby the tWo pitmen are actuated from a single ground-Wheel tovibrate both levers which control the d ropper mechanism and thetubeagitator device, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a beam, shovelstandards arranged closely inrelation to the beam, the bolts which fasten the shovel- IOO IOS

IIO

g cadoso standards to said beam, and wedge-adjusting disk interposedbetween the beam and the shovelstandards, whereby the standards may beadjusted laterally with respect to the beam, substantially as described.

12. The combination with a beam, of a bolt passing therethrough, theWedge-shaped adj usting-disks loosely fitted on the bolt to bear againstopposite sides of the beam, shovelstandards fitted on the boltandarranged to engage with said wedge adjusting disks, braces attached tothe beam and another bolt which attaches the braces to theshovelstandards, substantially as described.

13. The combination with a beam and shovels carried thereby to throw thesoil inwardly, of a pivoted hanger attached to the beam, acovering-roller journaled in said hanger, and

. tension devices to normallydepress the hanger and hold thecovering-roller to its work, substantially as described.

14; The combination with a beam and shovels carried thereby to throw thesoil inwardly over the furrow, of a hanger pivoted on the beam, a iixedguide-stem passing through the hanger, a spring fitted to the guide-stemand seated upon the hanger to normally depress the latter, and acovering-roller journaled in the hanger and provided with a removableindenting-rnarker, substantially as described.

15. The combination with a beam and a presser-roller carried thereby, ofa liftingfinger attached tO said roller,` a pivoted arm lying in thepath of said lifting-finger tO be actuated at suitable intervalsthereby, and a billing-scoop attached to said carrying-arm,substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my Own I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of witnesses.

THOMAS JEFFERSON CALLAIIAN.

XVitnesses:

ROBERT D. YANOEY, LEON GOODMAN, J. W. JAMERSON.

